Description
Copper sulfate exporter and stockist in India and the Middle East. We are keeping ready stock of materials to complete our regular customer demand locally and globally.Application: Dose: Uses of Copper Compounds: Table A – Uses of Copper Sulphate Classification Applications Agriculture Major uses Preparation of Bordeaux and Burgundy mixtures for use as fungicides Manufacture of other copper fungicides such as copper-lime dust, tribasic copper sulphate, copper carbonate and cuprous oxide Manufacture of insecticides such as copper arsenite and Paris green Control of fungus diseases (see below) Correction of copper deficiency in soils Correction of copper deficiency in animals Growth stimulant for fattening pigs and broiler chickens Molluscicide for the destruction of slugs and snails, particularly the snail host of the liver fluke Other uses Seed dressing Soil steriliser, e.g. Cheshunt compound (a mixture of copper sulphate and ammonium carbonate) to prevent “damping-off” disease of tomato, etc. Control and prevention of foot rot in sheep and cattle Bacteriastat for addition to sheep dips Disinfectant in prevention of the spread of swine erysepelas and white scours in calves Control of scum in farm ponds Plant nutrient in rice fields Preservative for wooden posts, wooden buildings, etc. Preservative for wooden fruit boxes, planting baskets and other containers Ingredient of vermin repellents, e.g. for application to bark of trees against rabbits Stimulant of latex yield on rubber plantations Protection against algal growths on flower pots Public Health and Medicine Destruction of algal blooms in reservoirs and swimming pools Prevention of the spread of athletes foot in warm climates, by incorporation in the flooring mixture of swimming baths Control of bilharzia in tropical countries, as a molluscicide Prevention of malaria, in the preparation of Paris green for use against mosquito larvae Antiseptic and germicide against fungus infections Catalyst or raw material for the preparation of copper catalysts used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products Industry Adhesives Preservative in casein and other glues Additive to bookbinding pastes and glues, for insecticidal purposes Additive to animal and silicate glues to give water resistance Building Timber preservative and in the preparation of other wood preservatives, e.g. oil based copper naphthenates and water based copper/chrome/arsenic for the prevention of woodworms and wood rots Ingredient of plaster to prevent fungus infection, e.g. to prevent the spread of dry rot Ingredient of concrete, both as a colouring matter and as an antiseptic, e.g. for use in and around swimming pools Modification of the setting of concrete Protection against lichens, moulds and similar growths on asbestos cement roofing and other building materials Control of the growth of tree roots in sewers Chemical Preparation of catalysts for use in many industries Purification of gases, e.g. removal of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulphide Precipitation promoter in purifying zinc sulphate solutions Precipitation of alkaloids as double salts from crude extracts Source of other copper compounds such as copper carbonate silicate/arsenite/ aceto-arsenite/resinate/stearate/tartrate/oleate naphthenate/chromate/chlorate /alginate/fluoride/hydroxide, cuprous oxide/chloride/cyanide and cuprammonium compounds Decorative trades Colouring glass Colouring cement and plaster Colouring ceramic wares Alteration of metal colours, e.g. darkening of zinc, colouring aluminium Dyestuffs Reagent in the preparation of dyestuffs intermediates Catalyst or raw material for the preparation of copper catalysts, e.g. preparation of phenols from diazo compounds, preparation of phthalocyanine dyes Leather and Mordant in dyeing Reagent in tanning processes Metal and Electrolyte in copper refining electrical Electrolyte in copper plating and electro forming Electrolytic manufacture of cuprous compounds, e.g. cuprous oxide Constituent of the electrodes and electrolytes in batteries Electrolyte in the manufacture of copper powder Electrolyte in aluminium plating and anodising Copper coating steel wire, prior to wire drawing Pickling copper wire, etc., prior to enamelling Providing a suitable surface for marking out iron and steel Mining Flotation reagent in the concentration of ores, e.g. zinc blende Paint Raw material for the manufacture of copper naphthenate and other copper compounds for use in anti-fouling paints Preparation of certain varnish or paint dryers, e.g. copper oleate, copper stearate Preparation of certain pigments, e.g. copper chromate, copper ferrocyanide, copper phthalocyanine Printing Etching agent for process engraving Electrolyte in the preparation of electrotype Ingredient of printing inks Synthetic rubber Preparation of catalysts used in cracking certain gaseous and liquid petroleum and petroleum Fractions Preparation of cuprous chloride, used in the purification of butadiene and in the separation of acetylene derivatives Preparation of catalysts used in chlorinating rubber latex Purification of petroleum oils Textiles Preparation of copper compounds for rot-proofing canvas and other fabrics Rot-proofing sandbags Mordant, especially in calico printing Cuprammonium process for the production of rayon Production of aniline black and diazo colours for dyeing “After coppering” to increase the fastness of dyes Catalyst in the manufacture of cellulose ethers and in cellulose acetylation Miscellaneous Improving the burning qualities of coke Laboratory analytical work Ingredient of laundry marking ink Dyeing of hair and horn Ingredient of hair dyes of the phenylene diamine or pyrogallol type Preparation of chlorophyll as a colouring material for food stuffs Imparting a green colour in fireworks Activator in the preparation of active carbons Preservative for wood pulp Preservation of fishing nets and hides on trawls Obtaining a blue-black finish on steel Treatment of carbon brushes Ingredient of the solution used for preserving plant specimens in their natural colours Impregnation in fruit wrapping papers to prevent storage rots Uses of Copper Compounds: Table B – Plant Diseases Amenable to Control by Copper Fungicides Disease Plant Common name Pathogen Almond Shot hole Clasterosporium carpophilum Rust Puccinia pruni-spinosae Blossom wilt Sclerotinia laxa and Sclerotinia fructigena Leaf curl Taphrina deformans Aloe Anthracnose Colletotrichum agaves Antirrhinum Rust Puccinia antirrhini Apple Pink disease Corticium salmonicolor Fireblight Erwinia amylovora Bitter rot Glomerella cingulata Canker Nectria galligena Blotch Phyllosticta solitaria Black rot Physalospora obtusa Blossom wilt Sclerotinia laxa Scab Venturia inaequalis Apricot Shot hole Clasterosporium carpophilum Rust Puccinia pruni-spinosae Blossom wilt Sclerotinia laxa and Sclerotinia fructigena Areca Nut Thread blight Corticium koleroga Arrowroot Banded leaf blight Corticium solani Artichoke (Globe) Ramularia cynarae Asparagus Rust Puccinia asparagi Avocado Fruit spot Cercospora purpurea Anthracnose (Black spot) Glomerella cingulata Bacterial rot Pseudomonas syringae Scab Sphaceloma perseae Azalea Flower spot Ovulinia azaleae Banana Black rot (Die back) Botryodiplodia theobromae Helminthosporiosis Helminthosporium sp. Sigatoka disease (Leaf spot) Mycosphaerella musicola Barley Snow damage Typhula itoana Covered smut Ustilago hordei Bean (Broad) Leaf spot Asochyta pisi Chocolate spot Botrytis cinerea Rust Uromyces fabae Bean (French and Runner) Anthracnose Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Powdery mildew Erysiphe polygoni Halo blight Pseudomonas medicaginis var phaseolicola Rust Uromyces appendiculatus Common blight Xanthomonas phaseoli Begonia Mildew Oidium begoniae Betel Leaf spot Bacterium betle Leaf spot Glomeralla cingulata Foot rot Phytophthora colocasiae Leaf rot Phytophthora parasitica Blackberry Cane spot Elsinoe veneta Blueberry Powdery mildew Microsphaera alni var. vaccinii Leaf rust Pucciniastrum myrtilli Fruit rot Sclerotinia vaccinii-corymbosi Brassicas Damping off Oipidium brassicae Downy mildew Peronospora parasitica Black leg (Canker) Phoma lingam Black rot Xanthomonas campestris Cacao Brown pod rot (Die back) Botryodiplodia theobromae Witches’ broom Marasmius perniciosus Black pod rot Phytophthora palmivora Calendula Leaf spot Cercospora calendulae Carnation Ring spot Didymellina dianthi Leaf spot Septoria dianthi Rust Uromyces dianthi Carrot Blight Alternaria dauci Bacterial soft rot Bacterium carotovorum Leaf spot Cercospora carotae Cassava Leaf spot Cercospora henningsii Castor oil Leaf spot Phyllosticta bosensis Cattleya Black rot Phythium ultimum Celery Blight Cercospora apii Leaf spot Septoria apii and Septoria apii graveolentis Cherry Shot hole Clasterosporium carpophilum Leaf spot Coccomyces hiemalis Bitter rot Glomerella cingulata Leaf scorch Gnomonia erythrostoma Bacterial canker Pseudomonas mors-prunorum Brown rot (Blossom wilt) Sclerotinia laxa and Sclerotinia fructigena Scab Venturia cerasi Chestnut Blight Endothia parasitica Ink disease Phytophthora cambivora Chilli Blight (Leaf spot) Cercospora capsici Blight (Collar rot) Phytophthora capsici Bacterial spot Xanthomonas vesicatoria Chrysanthemum Mildew Oidium chrysanthemi Rust Puccinia chrysanthemi Leaf spot Septoria chrysanthemella Cinchona Damping off Pythium vexans Cineraria Alternaria senecionis Citronella Collar rot Citrus Sooty mould Aithaloderma citri Thread blight Corticium koleroga Melanose Diaporthe citri Mal secco Deuterophoma tracheiphila Scab Elsinoe fawcetti Anthracnose (Wither tip) Gloeosporium limetticola Sooty blotch Leptothyrium pomi Black spot Phoma citricarpa Brown rot Phytophthora spp. Black pit Pseudomonas syringae Septoria spot Septoria depressa Canker Xanthomonas citri Coffee Brown eyespot Cercospora coffeicola Thread blight (Black rot) Corticium koleroga Anthracnose (Die back) Glomerella cingulata Rust Hemileia vastatrix Berry disease Colletotrichum coffeanum Conifers Blight Cercospora thujina Coryneum blight Coryneum berckmanii Canker Coryneum cardinale Fusiform rust Cronartium fusiforme Blister rust Cronartium ribicola Leaf cast (of Kauri Pine) Hendersonula agathi Needle cast (of Scots Pine) Lophodermium pinastri Phomopsis blight Phomopsis juniperovora Needle cast (of Douglas Fir) Rhabdocline pseudotsugae Root rot Rhizoctonia crocorum Cotton Alternarii disease Alternaria gossypii and Alternaria macrospora Sore shin Corticium solani Cowpea Scab Cladosporium vignae Cucurbits Leaf blight Alternaria cucumerina Wet rot Choanephora cucurbitarum Anthracnose Colletotrichum lagenarium Wilt Erwinia tracheiphila Powdery mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum Black rot Mycosphaerella citrullina Stem end rot Physalospora rhodina Downy mildew Pseudoperonospora cubensis Currant (Ribes) Leaf spot Mycosphaerella grossulariae and Mycosphaerella ribis Leaf spot Pseudopeziza ribis Cytisus Die back Ceratophorum setosum Daffodil White mould Ramularia vallisumbrosae Fire Sclerotinia polyblastis Dahlia Leaf spot Phyllosticta dahliicola and Entyloma dahliae Dalo Leaf spot Phytophthora colocasiae Delphinium Mildew Erysiphe polygoni Derris Leaf spot Colletotrichum derridis Dogwood (Cornus) Spot anthracnose Elsinoe corni Egg Plant Leaf spot Ascochyta melongenae Damping off Corticium solani Fig Leaf fall and Fruit rot Cercospora bolleana Rust Cerotelium fici Thread blight Corticium koleroga Canker Phomopsis cinerescens Blight Phizoctonia microsclerotia Filbert Bud blight Xanthomonas corylina Fruit trees Crown gall Bacterium tumefaciens Gambier White root rot Fomes lignosus Gardenia Canker Phomopsis gardenia Gerbera Leaf spot Cercospora sp. Ginseng Blight Alternaria panax Gladiolus Corm rot Botrytis gladiolorum Gooseberry Die back Botrytis cinerea Leaf spot Mycosphaerella grossulariae Cluster cup rust Puccinia pringshemiana American mildew Sphaerotheca mors-uvae Grasses Snow mould Calonectria graminicola Red thread Corticium fusiforme Brown patch of lawns Rhizoctonia and Holminthosporium spp. Stripe smut Ustilago striiformis Ground nut Leaf spot Cercospora arachidicola and Cercospora personate Stem rot (Southern blight) Sclerotium rolfsii Guava Leaf spot Cephaleuros mycoidea Thread blight Corticium koleroga Rust Puccinia psidii Hellebore Coniothyrium hellebori Hollyhock Rust Puccinia malvacearum Hop Downy mildew Pseudoperonospora humuli Powdery mildew Sphaerotheca humuli Hydrangea Mildew Oidium hortensiae Leek Mildew Peronospora destructor White tip Phytophthora porri Lettuce Downy mildew Bremia lactucae Ring spot Marssonina panattoniana Lily Blight Botrytis elliptica Maize Downy mildew Sclerospora philippinensis Mango Red rust Cephaleuros virescens Anthracnose Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Scab Elsinoe mangiferae Bacterial black spot Erwinia mangiferae Anthracnose Gloeosporium mangiferae Powdery mildew Oidium mangiferae Medlar Scab Venturia eriobotryae Millet (Italian) Smut Ustilago crameri Mushroom White mould Mycogone perniciosa Bacterial blotch(Brown blotch) Pseudomonas tolaasi Nectarine Shot hole Clasterosporium carpophilum Rust Puccinia pruni-spinosae Blossom wilt Sclerotinia laxa and Sclerotinia fructigena Leaf curl Taphrina deformans Oats Loose smut Ustilago avanae Olive Leaf spot Cycloconium oleaginum Onion Downy mildew Peronospora destructor Orchids Fusarium Macrophoma and Diplodia spp. Paeony Blight Botrytis peaoniae Bud death Sphaeropsis paeonia Palm ( Palmyra) Leaf spot Pestalotia palmarum Passion fruit Brown spot Alternaria passiflorae Grease spot Pseudomonas passiflorae Pawpaw Leaf spot Ascochyta caricae Anthracnose (Fruit rot) Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Powdery mildew Oidium caricae Hard rot Phytophthora parasitica Peach Shot hole Clasterosporium carpophilum Rust Puccinia pruni-spinosae Blossom wilt Sclerotinia laxa and Sclerotinia fructigena Leaf curl Taphrina deformans Pear Scab ( America) Cladosporium effusum Thread blight Corticium koleroga Firebiiglit Erwinia amylovora Bitter rot Glomerella cingulata Leaf spot (Leaf speck) Mycosphaerella sentina Scab Venturia pirina Pecan Scab Cladosporium effusum Thread blight Corticium koleroga Vein spot Gnomonia nerviseda Liver spot Gnomonia caryae var. pecanae Pepper(Red) See Chilli) Persimmon Canker Phomopsis diospyri Pineapple Heart or stern rot Phytophthora parasitica Piper betle (See Betel) Plantain Black tip Helminthosporium torulosum Plum Shot hole Clasterosporium carpophilum Black rot Dibotryon morbosum Bacterial canker Pseudomonas mors-prunorum Wilt Pseudomonas prunicola Rust Puccinia pruni-spinosae Brown rot Sclerotinia fructigena Blossom wilt Sclerotinia laxa Watery rot (Pocket plums) Taphrina pruni Bacterial spot Xanthomonas pruni Poplar Septogloeum populiperdun Poppy Downy mildew Peronospora arborescens Potato Early blight Alternaria solani Grey mould Botrytis cinerea Blight (Late blight) Phytophthora infestans Dry rot Sclerotium rolfsii Quince Brown rot Sclerotinia fructigena Shot hole Clasterosporium carpophilum Raspberry Spur blight Didymella applanata Cane spot (Anthracnose) Elsinoe veneta Cane wilt Leptosphaeria coniothyrium Rhododendron Leaf scorch (Bud blast) Pycnostysanus azaleae Rhubarb Downy mildew Peronospora jaapiana Rice Brown spot Ophiobolus miyabeanus (Helmintliosporiosis) Blast Piricularia oryzae Rose Black spot Diplocarpon rosae Downy mildew Peronospora sparsa Rust Phragmidium mucronatum Leaf spot (Anthracnose) Sphaceloma rosarum Mildew Sphaerotheca pannosa Rubber American leaf disease Dothidella ulei White root rot Fomes lignosus Leaf disease Helminthosporium heveae Stem disease Pestalotia palmarum Abnormal leaf fall Phytophthora palmivora Rye grass Blind seed Phialea temulenta Safflower Rust Puccinia carthami Seedlings Damping off Pythium debaryanum, Pythium and Rhizoctonia spp, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,etc Sorghum Covered smut Sphacelotheca sorghi Spinach Leaf spot Heterosporium variabile Downy mildew Peronospora effusa Spindle tree Mildew Oidium euonymi-japonicae Stock Leaf spot Alternaria raphani Strawberry Leaf spot Mycosphaerella fragariae Sugar beet Leaf spot Cercospora beticola Downy mildew Peronospora schactii Sunflower Rust Puccinia helianthi Wilt Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sweet potato Wilt Fusarium spp. Taro Leaf spot Phytophthora colocasiae Tea Black rot (Die back) Botryodiplodia theobromae Red rust Cephaleuros niycoidea Blister blight Exobasidium vexans Grey blight Pestalotia theae Tobacco Brown spot (Red rust) Alternaria longipes Leaf spot Ascochyta nicotianae Frog eye Cercospora nicotianae Blue mould (Downy mildew) Peronospora tabacina Wildfire Pseudomonas tabacum Tomato Early blight Alternaria solani Leaf mould Cladosporium fulvum Anthracnose Colletotrichum phomoides Fruit rot Didymella lycopersici Mildew Leveilluia taurica Fruit rot Phytophthora capsici Foot rot Phytophthora cryptogea Blight (Late blight) Phytophthora infestans Leaf spot Septoria lycopersici Grey leaf spot Stemphylium solani Bacterial spot Xanthomonas vesicatoria Tuberose Blight Botrytis elliptica Tung Thread blight Corticium koleroga Veronica Septoria exotici Vine (Grape) “Coitre” Coniothyrium diplodiella Anthracnose Elsinoe ampelina Black rot Guignardia bidwellii Leaf spot Isariopsis fuckelli Bitter rot Melanconium fuligineum Angular leaf spot Mycosphaerella angulata Downy mildew Plasmopara viticola Totbrenner Pseudopeziza tracheiphila Powdery mildew Uncinula necator Vine (Sultana) Sooty dew Exosporium sultanae Viola Leaf spot Centrospora acerina Violet Scab Sphaceloma violae Walnut Ring spot Ascochyta juglandis Anthracnose (Blotch) Gnomonia leptostyla Downy leaf spot Microstroma juglandis Blight Xanthomonas juglandis Wheat Root rot Gibberella zeae Rust Puccinia spp Snow damage Pythium sp. Bunt Tilletia caries and Tilletia faetida Willow Black canker Physalospora miyabeana Scab Venturia chlorospora Zinnia Wilt Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Note: Uses of Copper Compounds: Other Copper Compounds Copper Acetates Basic copper acetate (verdigris) was at one time made in France by interleaving copper metal sheets with fermented grape skins and dregs left after wine manufacture. After some time when the copper sheets had become coated with verdigris they were removed, exposed to the air for a few days and then replaced. This process was repeated until the whole sheet had become corroded. The resulting product was known as blue verdigris and was used as a fungicide at 1 kg basic copper acetate in 500 litres water. Present manufacture is based on the action of acetic acid on copper metal, copper oxide or copper carbonate. They can also be prepared by treating a copper sulphate solution with lead acetate. Copper acetates are used as an intermediate in the manufacture of Paris green (cupric aceto-arsenite); as a catalyst in a number of organic reactions including rubber aging; as a chemical in textile dyeing; and as a pigment for ceramics. Copper acetates have also been used for impregnating kraft paper to produce an anti-tarnish wrapping paper for high grade silver ware. Cuprous Oxide Can be produced either electrolytically from copper or by the action of alkaline reducing agents on copper sulphate solutions. Formulated proprietary brands of cuprous oxide are extensively employed as fungicides and seed dressings. Another important application is in anti-fouling paints. Other uses include the colouring of porcelain and glass. Cupric Oxide (black copper oxide) Can be produced either by adding caustic soda to hot copper sulphate solutions or by treating copper scale with nitric acid and heating to redness. Cupric oxide is used in the ceramic industry for imparting blue, green or red tints in glasses, glazes and enamels. It is occasionally employed for incorporation in mineral supplements for insuring against an insufficiency of copper in the diet of animals. Among its other uses is the preparation of cuprammonium hydroxide solutions for the rayon industry. Cupric Chloride Obtained either by dissolving cupric oxide in hydrochloric acid or by the action of chlorine on copper. Its principal use is in the petroleum industry for sweetening (catalytic oxidation of the mercaptans) and as an ingredient of catalysts for other chemical processes. It is also used as a mordant in calico printing and dyeing. Copper Oxychloride Is a basic copper chloride and is usually manufactured either by the action of hydrochloric acid on copper metal or by the air oxidation of cuprous chloride suspensions. It has a number of applications, by far the most important being as an agricultural fungicide for which purpose it is extensively employed in formulated form as dusts, wettable powders and pastes. Cuprous Chloride Prepared either by heating a solution of cupric chloride with copper turnings or by the action of a reducing agent, such as sulphur dioxide, on a mixture of common salt and copper sulphate solution. The petroleum industry uses cuprous chloride in their “oil sweetening” process. Ammoniacal solutions of cuprous chloride are employed for the absorption of any carbon monoxide which may be present in a gas as an impurity. Cupric Nitrate Produced either by dissolving copper carbonate in nitric acid or direct from copper and nitric acid. It has a number of small uses, such as in ceramics, in dyeing as a mordant, in fireworks and in photography. Copper Cyanide Manufactured from sodium cyanide and copper sulphate. It is mainly used for copper electroplating. Copper Soaps Usually made by the interactlon of the corresponding soap with copper sulphate solution. Small quantities of these, such as copper stearate, copper oleate and copper abietate (from resins), are employed mainly for rot-proofing textiles, ropes, etc. They are also used in paints as they are soluble in oils, white spirits, etc. Copper Naphthenate Usually manufactured either from copper sulphate and naphthenic acid in combination with an alkali or by heating naphthenic acid and copper oxide. It is widely used as an oil-based wood preservative and as a rot-proofing agent. Anhydrous and Monohydrated Copper Sulphate Obtained by heating copper sulphate pentahydrate when four molecules water of crystallization are removed the product becomes copper sulphate monohydrate which is green in colour. At a higher temperature all the water of crystallization is removed and anhydrous copper sulphate is the white powder which results. They can also be obtained by crystallization from copper sulphate pentahydrate in boiling sulphuric acid. The main applications are in the production of proprietary wood preservatives and agricultural fungicides as well as for the production of a number of copper compounds. Sometimes they are utilised to detect the presence of moisture.