Sodium Thiosulphate Solution

Sodium Thiosulfate used as a Pond / Aquarium Dechlorinator. This product also used as a Photography as a fixing agent (hypo) to dissolve unchanged silver salts from exposed negatives.

SKU: RXSOL-19-2031-025 Category:





Description

Sodium Thiosulfate commonly used in Dechlorination of municipal wastewater, pulp & paper, power, and textile water treatment plants and as an Oxygen scavenger in oil well drilling process in Mining industries. Also chemically suitable for Aluminium cation reaction.

Sodium Thiosulfate used as a Pond / Aquarium Dechlorinator.  But Sodium Thiosulfate does not treat for Chloramine, only Chlorine. Chloramine is a chemical compound composed of chlorine and ammonia and more and more utilities are converting to its use. Check with your municipal water company to learn which chemical they are using. If Chloramine is the disinfectant, please research other knowledgeable sources to learn your best solution for water treatment.

Molecular Formula  ::: Na2S2O3 – 5H2O

This product also used as a Photography as a fixing agent (hypo) to dissolve unchanged silver salts from exposed negatives.

Application:

Dechlorination in municipal, pulp & paper, power, and textile water treatment plants, Oxygen scavenger – oil well drilling process  Mining industries Aluminum cation reaction

Industrial production and laboratory synthesis

On an industrial scale, sodium thiosulphate is produced chiefly from liquid waste products of sodium sulphide or sulphur dye manufacture.In the laboratory, this salt can be prepared by heating an aqueous solution of sodium sulphite with sulphur.

Principal reactions and applications

Thiosulfate anion characteristically reacts with dilute acids to produce sulfur, sulfur dioxide and water-

1.Na2S2O3 + 2HCl →2NaCl + S + SO2 + H2O

This reaction is known as a “clock reaction”, because when the sulfur reaches a certain concentration the solution turns from colourless to a pale yellow. This reaction has been employed to generate colloidal sulfur. When the protonation is conducted at low temperatures, H2S2O3 (thiosulfuric acid) can be obtained. It is a somewhat strong acid with pKas of 0.6 and 1.7 for the first and second dissociation respectively.

Iodometry

In analytical chemistry, the most important use comes from the fact that the thiosulfate anion reacts stoichiometrically with iodine, reducing it to iodide as it is oxidized to tetrathionate:

 

Photographic processing

The terminal sulfur atom in S2O32− binds to soft metals with high affinity. Thus, silver halides, e.g. AgBr, typical components of photographic emulsions, dissolve upon treatment with aqueous thiosulfate:

2 S2O32− + AgBr →[Ag(S2O3)2]3−+ Br−

In this application to photographic processing, discovered by John Herschel and used for both film and photographic paper processing, the sodium thiosulfate is known as a photographic fixer, and is often referred to as hypo, from the original chemical name, hyposulphite of soda.

Gold extraction

Sodium thiosulfate is one component of an alternative lixiviant to cyanide for extraction of gold.[3] It forms a strong complex with gold(I) ions, [Au(S2O3)2]3−. The advantage of this approach is th

2 S2O32−(aq) + I2(aq) →S4O62−(aq) + 2 I−(aq)

Due to the quantitative nature of this reaction, as well as the fact that Na2S2O3•5H2O has an excellent shelf-life, it is used as a titrant in iodometry. Na2S2O3•5H2O is also a component of iodine clock experiments.

This particular use can be set up to measure the oxygen content of water through a long series of reactions. It is also used in estimating volumetrically the concentrations of certain compounds in solution (hydrogen peroxide, for instance) and in estimating the chlorine content in commercial bleaching powder and water.at thiosulfate is essentially non-toxic and that ore types that are refractory to gold cyanidation (e.g. carbonaceous or Carlin type ores) can be leached by thiosulfate. Some problems with this alternative process include the high consumption of thiosulfate, and the lack of a suitable recovery technique, since [Au(S2O3)2]3− does not adsorb to activated carbon, which is the standard technique used in gold cyanidation to separate the gold complex from the ore slurry.

Dose:

Process for DE CHLORINATION ::: 

Take 500 ml of Sodium Thiosulfate stock solution.

  • Add two drops of the stock solution per one gallon of the water to be treated.
  • One gallon can treat 37,850 gallons or more. Over-dosage is virtually impossible.

Note:

Analytical chemistry

Sodium thiosulfate is also used in analytical chemistry. It can, when heated with a sample containing aluminum cation, produce a white precipitation:

2 Al3+ + 3 S2O32− + 3 H2O →3 SO2 + 3 S + 2 Al(OH)3

Medical

It is used as an antidote to cyanide poisoning. Thiosulfate acts as a sulfur donor for the conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate (which can then be safely excreted in the urine), catalyzed by the enzyme rhodanase.

It has also been used as treatment of calciphylaxis in hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease.[6]

It is used in the management of extravasations during chemotherapy. Sodium thiosulfate prevents alkylation and tissue destruction by providing a substrate for the alkylating agents that have invaded the subcutaneous tissues. The dose may be 2mL of 0.17M (a solution of 4mL 10% sodium thiosulfate and 6mL sterile water for injection). It may be instilled subcutaneously into multiple sites using a small gauge needle. There is limited data on this method with few recommendations.

in foot baths for prophylaxis of ringworm, and as a topical antifungal agent for tinea versicolor.

in measuring the volume of extracellular body fluid and the renal glomerular filtration rate.

Sodium thiosulfate is also used:

As a component in hand warmers and other chemical heating pads that produce heat by exothermic crystallization of a supercooled solution.

In bleach

In pH testing of bleach substances. The universal indicator and any other liquid pH indicators are destroyed by bleach, rendering them useless for testing the pH. If one first adds sodium thiosulfate to such solutions, it will neutralize the color-removing effects of bleach and allow one to test the pH of bleach solutions with liquid indicators. The relevant reaction is akin to the iodine reaction: thiosulfate reduces the hypochlorite (active ingredient in bleach) and in so doing becomes oxidized to sulfate. The complete reaction is:

4 NaClO + Na2S2O3 + 2 NaOH →4 NaCl + 2 Na2SO4 + H2O

To dechlorinate tap water for aquariums or treat effluent from waste water treatments prior to release into rivers. The reduction reaction is analogous to the iodine reduction reaction. Treatment of tap water requires between 0.1 grams and 0.3 grams of pentahydrated (crystalline) sodium thiosulfate per 10 liters of water.

To lower chlorine levels in swimming pools and spas following super chlorination.

To remove iodine stains, e.g. after the explosion of nitrogen triiodide.

Similarly, sodium thiosulfate reacts with bromine to render harmless products. Solutions of sodium thiosulfate are commonly used as a precaution in chemistry laboratories when working with bromine.

In bacteriological water assessment.

In the tanning of leather.

To demonstrate the concept of reaction rate in chemistry classes. The thiosulfate ion can decompose into the sulfite ion and a colloidal suspension of sulfur, which is opaque. The equation for this acid-catalysed reaction is as follows:

S2O32−(aq) →SO32−(aq) + S(s)

To demonstrate the concept of supercooling in physics classes. Melted sodium thiosulfate is very easy to overcool to room temperature and when crystallization is forced, the sudden temperature jump to 48.3 °C can be experienced by touch.

As part of patina recipes for copper alloys.

Often used in pharmaceutical preparations as an anionic surfactant to aid in dispersion.

It can also be used as a very interesting solute in supersaturation experiments.

Additional information

MSDS

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Product Name</td>
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RXSOL-19-2031-025</td>
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Product Type</td>
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Sodium Thiosulfate Solution</td>
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<strong>Company Details:</strong></p>
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RX MARINE INTERNATIONAL<br />
105, A wing , BSEL , TECH PARK.<br />
VASHI ,NEW BOMBAY 400703 INDIA</p>
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Phone</td>
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+91 22 65113333 / 5555 / 9999 / 27611360</td>
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Fax</td>
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+91 22 2781 1318:AOH :0091 9821214367</td>
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<strong><a href="mailto:mail@rxmarine.com">mail@rxmarine.com</a></strong></td>
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<strong>Chemical Name</strong></td>
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<strong>CAS #</strong></td>
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<strong>Percent</strong></td>
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<strong>EINECS/ELINCS</strong></td>
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Sodium thiosulfate, pentahydrate</td>
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10102-17-7</td>
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45-50</td>
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Unlisted</td>
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Sodium Carbonate</td>
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497-19-8</td>
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2</td>
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Unlisted</td>
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Appearance: colorless liquid. Caution! May cause respiratory tract irritation. May cause skin irritation. May cause eye irritation. This is expected to be a low hazard for usual industrial handling. <br />
Target Organs: None. Potential Health Effects <br />
Eye: May cause mild eye irritation. <br />
Skin: May cause skin irritation. Ingestion: Ingestion of large amounts may cause gastrointestinal irritation. Inhalation: Low hazard for usual industrial handling. May cause respiratory tract irritation. Chronic: No information found.</p>
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Eyes</p>
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Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid. </p>
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Skin</p>
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Flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid if irritation develops or persists. </p>
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Ingestion</p>
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If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately. Induce vomiting by giving one teaspoon of Syrup of Ipecac.</p>
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Inhalation</p>
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Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Do NOT use mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. If breathing has ceased apply artificial respiration using oxygen and a suitable mechanical device such as a bag and a mask.</p>
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Notes to Physician</p>
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Effects may be delayed. Ethanol may inhibit methanol metabolism.</p>
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General Information</p>
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General Information: As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. </p>
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Containers can build up pressure if exposed to heat and/or fire. As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Water runoff can cause environmental damage. Dike and collect water used to fight fire. Vapors can travel to a source of ignition and flash back. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Flammable Liquid. Can release vapors that form explosive mixtures at temperatures above the flashpoint. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Water may be ineffective. Material is lighter than water and a fire may be spread by the use of water. Vapors may be heavier than air. They can spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas. May be ignited by heat, sparks, and flame.</p>
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Extinguishing Media</p>
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Extinguishing Media: For small fires, use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide or chemical foam. <br />
Flash Point: Not applicable. <br />
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable. <br />
Explosion Limits, Lower:Not available. Upper: Not available. <br />
NFPA Rating: (estimated) Health: 1; Flammability: 0; Instability: 0 </p>
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General Information</p>
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Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8.</p>
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Spills/Leaks</p>
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Spills/Leaks: Absorb spill with inert material (e.g. vermiculite, sand or earth), then place in suitable container. </p>
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Absorb spill using an absorbent, non-combustible material such as earth, sand, or vermiculite. Do not use combustible materials such as saw dust. Provide ventilation. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. </p>
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Handling</p>
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Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Use with adequate ventilation. </p>
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Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Ground and bond containers when transferring material. Do not breathe dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Empty containers retain product residue, (liquid and/or vapor), and can be dangerous. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid contact with heat, direct sunlight. Do not ingest or inhale. Use only in a chemical fume hood. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose empty containers to heat, sparks or open flames.</p>
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Storage</p>
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Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Store in a tightly closed container. Do not store in aluminum or lead containers. Keep away from heat as the potential for release of sulfur dioxide fumes exists. Liquid sodium thiosulfate has very low toxicity but routine safety precautions should be practiced. Rubber gloves, safety goggles and protective clothing is recommended.</p>
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Engineering Controls</p>
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Use adequate ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low. Expos</p>
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Exposure Limits</p>
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<span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Chemical Name                          ACGIH               NIOSH            OSHA – Final PELs <br />
Water                                         none listed          none listed       none listed <br />
Sodium thiosulfate, pentahydrate none listed       none listed       none listed</span></p>
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OSHA Vacated PELs</p>
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Water ::: No OSHA Vacated PELs are listed for this chemical.  <br />
Sodium thiosulfate, pentahydrate ::: No OSHA Vacated PELs are listed for this chemical.</p>
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Personal Protective Equipment</p>
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Eyes</p>
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Wear chemical goggles. Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166.</p>
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 </p>
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Skin</p>
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Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. </p>
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 </p>
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Clothing</p>
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Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.</p>
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 </p>
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Respirators</p>
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Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29 CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Use a NIOSH/MSHA or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator if exposure limits are exceeded or if irritation or other symptoms are experienced.</p>
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 </p>
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Physical State</p>
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Liquid</p>
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Appearance</p>
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Clear, colorless</p>
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Odor</p>
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None reported  – weak odor</p>
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pH</p>
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Not available.</p>
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Vapor Pressure</p>
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 14 mm Hg</p>
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Vapor Density</p>
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Not available</p>
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Evaporation Rate</p>
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>1 (ether=1)</p>
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Viscosity</p>
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Not available</p>
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Boiling Point</p>
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212 deg F</p>
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Freezing/Melting Point</p>
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32 deg F</p>
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Decomposition Temperature</p>
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Not available.</p>
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Solubility</p>
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Soluble</p>
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Specific Gravity/Density</p>
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1.0-1.1</p>
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Molecular Formula</p>
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Mixture</p>
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Molecular Weight</p>
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Not available.</p>
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Chemical Stability</p>
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Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.</p>
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Conditions to Avoid</p>
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High temperatures, incompatible materials, ignition sources, oxidizers.</p>
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Incompatibilities with Other Materials</p>
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Sodium thiosulfate violently reacts with sodium nitrite. It is also incompatible with strong oxidizers, acids.</p>
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Hazardous Decomposition Products</p>
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Hydrogen sulfide, sodium oxide , Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported.</p>
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RTECS#:<br />
RTECS#: CAS# 7732-18-5: ZC0110000 CAS# 10102-17-7: WE6660000 LD50/LC50: CAS# 7732-18-5: Oral, rat: LD50 = >90 mL/kg; . CAS# 10102-17-7:</p>
<p>
<br />
Carcinogenicity: CAS# 7732-18-5: Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, NTP, or CA Prop 65. <br />
                         CAS# 10102-17-7: Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, NTP, or CA Prop 65. <br />
Epidemiology: No data available. <br />
Teratogenicity: No data available. <br />
Reproductive Effects: No data available. <br />
Mutagenicity: No data available. <br />
Neurotoxicity: No data available. Other Studies: </p>
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Physical: No informa ion available. Other: None.</p>
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Chemical waste generators must determine whether a discarded chemical is classified as a hazardous waste. US EPA guidelines for the classification determination are listed in 40 CFR Parts 261.3. Additionally, waste generators must consult state and local hazardous waste regulations to ensure complete and accurate classification.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
RCRA P-Series</td>
<td>
None listed.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
RCRA U-Series</td>
<td>
None listed.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
<img alt="" src="http://content.rxmarine.com/images/msds/header/heading14.png&quot; /></p>
<p>
 </p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 630px;" width="631">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 112px;">
<p align="center">
 </p>
</td>
<td style="width: 81.5px;">
<p align="center">
<strong>US DOT</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 81.5px;">
<p align="center">
<strong>IATA</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 99px;">
<p align="center">
<strong>RID/ADR</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 82px;">
<p align="center">
<strong>IMO</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 160px;">
<p align="center">
<strong>CanadaTDG</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 112px;">
<p>
<strong>Shipping Name:</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 81.5px;">
<p>
Not regulated as a hazardous material</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 81.5px;">
<p align="center">
Not regulated as a hazardous material</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 99px;">
<p align="center">
Not regulated as a hazardous material</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 82px;">
<p align="center">
Not regulated as a hazardous material</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 160px;">
<p align="center">
No information available</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
<img alt="" src="http://content.rxmarine.com/images/msds/header/heading15.png&quot; /></p>
<p>
<strong><u>US FEDERAL</u></strong></p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="width: 630px;" width="632">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 145px;">
<p>
TSCA</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 485px;">
<p style="text-align: justify;">
CAS# 7732-18-5 is listed on the TSCA inventory. CAS# 10102-17-7 is not on the TSCA Inventory because it is a hydrate. It is considered to be listed if the CAS number for the anhydrous form is on the inventory (40CFR720.3(u)(2)). Health & Safety Reporting List None of the chemicals are on the Health & Safety Reporting List. Chemical Test Rules None of the chemicals in this product are under a Chemical Test Rule. Section 12b None of the chemicals are listed under TSCA Section 12b. TSCA Significant New Use Rule None of the chemicals in this material have a SNUR under TSCA. CERCLA Hazardous Substances and corresponding RQs None of the chemicals in this material have an RQ.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 145px;">
<p>
SARA</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 485px;">
<p style="text-align: justify;">
None of the chemicals in this product have a TPQ. Section 313 No chemicals are reportable under Section 313. Clean Air Act: This material does not contain any hazardous air pollutants. This material does not contain any Class 1 Ozone depletors. This material does not contain any Class 2 Ozone depletors. Clean Water Act: None of the chemicals in this product are listed as Hazardous Substances under the CWA. None of the chemicals in this product are listed as Priority Pollutants under the CWA. None of the chemicals in this product are listed as Toxic Pollutants under the CWA.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 145px;">
<p>
Clean Air Act</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 485px;">
<p style="text-align: justify;">
CAS# 67-56-1 is listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP). This material does not contain any Class 1 Ozone depletors. This material does not contain any Class 2 Ozone depletors. Clean Water Act: None of the chemicals in this product are listed as Hazardous Substances under the CWA. None of the chemicals in this product are listed as Priority Pollutants under the CWA. None of the chemicals in this product are listed as Toxic Pollutants under the CWA.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 145px;">
<p>
OSHA</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 485px;">
<p>
None of the chemicals in this product are considered highly hazardous by OSHA.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 145px;">
<p>
STATE</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 485px;">
<p style="text-align: justify;">
CAS# 7732-18-5 is not present on state lists from CA, PA, MN, MA, FL, or NJ. <br />
CAS# 10102-17-7 is not present on state lists from CA, PA, MN, MA, FL, or NJ.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 145px;">
<p>
European/International Regulations</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 485px;">
<p>
European/International Regulations European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives Hazard Symbols: Not available. Risk Phrases: Safety Phrases: S 24/25 Avoid contact with skin and eyes. WGK (Water Danger/Protection) CAS# 7732-18-5: No information available. CAS# 10102-17-7: 0 Canada – DSL/NDSL CAS# 7732-18-5 is listed on Canada's DSL List. CAS# 10102-17-7 is listed on Canada's DSL List. Canada – WHMIS This product has a WHMIS classification of Not controlled.. This product has been classified in accordance with the hazard criteria of the Controlled Products Regulations and the MSDS contains all of the information required by those regulations. Canadian Ingredient Disclosure List</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
<img alt="" src="http://content.rxmarine.com/images/msds/header/heading16.png&quot; /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
MSDS Creation Date: 7/21/2008 Revision #4 Date: 3/3/2009 The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, we make no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information, and we assume no liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the information for their particular purposes. In no event shall Fisher be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or for lost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even if Fisher has been advised of the possibility of such damages.</p>

Technical Bulletin

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